11/16/2023 0 Comments Judith butler dragJB: Bolsonaro shows us that new forms of fascism are linked to the anti-gender ideology movement. What do you think must be done for violence like in Brazil against the trans community-especially trans women? Why is there such a stigma against those that identify as trans? The point is that the field of gender is being actively contested by those who want greater freedom and recognition and those who seek to deny it. That would be an example of performative power exercised by the law and social norms. The norms that discriminate against trans people are also reenacted and fortified all the time. But also, if you find that you are discriminated against on the basis of gender, you can see the extent to which gender is a sociological, legal, and historical phenomena that exceeds any of our individual circumstances. My view is that the gender one lives does not always match sex assignment at birth. Biological sex does not determine how you live your body or who you love or what kind of appearance you should have. Many people also believe that if you are born into a female body you have to become a woman, or if you are born into a male body (or one the medical establishment determines as male) that you have to become a man. ![]() Some of it is chosen and some of it is not. And even if that is the case, there is a wide spectrum of ways of living gender. Sometimes they have ideas of gender that they seek to embody in their actions, gestures, and speech. I would not say that gender is only performative, but I do think gender is acted out in the world, that we see people enacting various conventions and customs that govern how men and women should behave without quite realizing that they are doing so. It is, for some, an enduring and important feeling about who they are in the world – and also in their own eyes. They understand them as a deep-seated aspect of their subjectivity. JB: First of all, many people do not understand their genders as performative. To a high school student or adult still learning about about gender theory, how would you describe performativity of gender in basic words so even someone without extensive knowledge in feminism can understand? My intended audience for these articles I am writing are people wanting to educate themselves on the problems affecting the trans community. what this is, and how we think about it is a matter for discussion. It does not mean “made up” or “fake” – it only means that something is enacted in the way we live our genders. Perhaps the only thing I can say is that there is some confusion about what “performative” means and that is sometime difficult to see. It is rare that someone can control the associations that others have with one’s name, and I certainly lost that control a long time ago. JB: I no longer have control over what people associate with my name, so I try to affirm that situation. Do you agree with the label the general public has given you, or would you rather be known for a different idea? Most people that know your work will associate your name with the idea gender is performative and would classify you as a gender theorist. Crenshaw showed that ways to bring equality for women and ways to bring equality for blacks did not always make things fair for black women. Kimberle Crenshaw first coined this term in her paper to describe how being black and a woman were not independent of each other, and that a black woman and a white woman did not experience sexism in the same way. In 94% of the cases, the murders were against women”.Īnother talking point is about intersectionality which is an idea introduced to me by my first gender therapist we both looked at the overlapping categories in my life that contributed to discrimination. So with these facts, the results of a study done in 2017 is not that surprising when it shows that “every 48 hours a trans person is murdered in Brazil. The current president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, has a very long anti-LGBTQ history varying from saying he would rather have his son be killed than be gay and “removed the concerns of the LGBT community from consideration by the new human rights ministry” on his first day. In 2017, protests in Brazil burned Judith Butler in effigy while holding crosses and bibles when she was in Brazil for a conference on the state of democracy. In this interview we talk about a variety of topics that may need some context. She is an American philosopher and gender theorist that supports LGBTQ+ rights around the world. She is known for her contribution to the idea that gender is performative which is formed throughout her several books. ![]() Judith Butler received her PhD in philosophy at Yale, and continues to teach at the University of California Berkeley in the Department of Comparative Literature.
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